Diseases And Disorders Of The Eye
· Many eye diseases have no early symptoms.
· They may be painless, and you may see no change
in your vision until the disease has become quite advanced.
· The single best way to protect your vision is
through regular professional eye examinations.
1. Age-Related Macular Degeneration
· Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is aging
causes damage to the macula.
· the center of the retina called the macula.
that can blur your central vision.
2. Bulging Eyes/ proptosis/Exophthalmos
· Bulging eyes, occurs when one or both eyes protrude from the eye sockets
due to space taking lesions such as swelling of the muscles, fat, and tissue
behind the eye.
· This causes more of the cornea to be exposed to air,
making
· it more difficult to keep eyes moist and lubricated.
3. Cataracts
· Cataracts are a degenerative form of eye disease
· the clouding of the lens of your eye, normally clear.
· Most cataracts develop slowly over time, causing symptoms
such as blurry vision.
· Cataracts can be surgically removed through an
outpatient procedure that restores vision in nearly everyone.
4. Congenital Cataracts
· In rare cases, A cataract is the clouding
of the lens of an eye. Congenital means that it happens before birth or
during a baby's first year of life.
· A baby with
congenital cataracts has clouding in one or both eyes.
· CMV Retinitis is a serious CMV retinitis
is an infection that attacks the light-sensing cells in the retina.
· that often affects people with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome) and that may also affect people with other immune disorders.
· It is a serious disease that should be diagnosed and
treated immediately, because it can lead to loss of vision, and in the worst
cases, blindness.
· Color blindness is not actually blindness, Color
blindness occurs when you are unable to see colors in a normal way.
· It is also known as color deficiency. Color blindness
often happens when someone cannot distinguish between certain colors.
· This usually happens between greens and reds, and
occasionally blues.
· Strabismus (crossed eyes) is a condition in which
the eyes do not line up with one another.
· In other words, one eye is turned in a direction that
is different from the other eye.
· Under normal conditions, the six muscles that control
eye movement work together and point both eyes at the same direction.
· Diabetic Macular Edema, DME, is caused by fluid accumulation in the
macula.
· Sometimes, tiny bulges (microaneurysms) protrude from
the vessel walls, leaking or oozing fluid and blood into the retina.
· This fluid can cause swelling (edema) in the central
part of the retina (macula). This is a serious eye complication called diabetic
macular edema that can cause vision problems or blindness.
9. Eye Floaters and Eye Flashes
· Lots of people, particularly older people get floaters and flashes.
· Floaters are small specks or clouds that move across your field of
vision—especially when you are looking at a bright, plain background, like a
blank wall or a cloudless blue sky.
· They're usually caused by a harmless process
called posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), where the gel inside your eye’s
changes.
· Sometimes they can be caused by retinal detachment.
This is serious and can lead to permanent vision loss if not treated.
10. Glaucoma
· Glaucoma occurs when a build-up of fluid in the eye creates pressure,
damaging the optic nerve.
· Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage
the optic nerve, the health of which is vital for good vision. This damage is
often caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye.
· Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness for
people over the age of 60.
11. Keratoconus
· When the cornea in the front of the eye, which normally is round,
becomes thin and cone shaped.
· Keratoconus is an eye disease that affects the
structure of the cornea, resulting in loss of vision.
· Keratoconus occurs in approximately one in 2,000
individuals, typically beginning in puberty and progressing into the mid-30s.
12. Lazy Eye/amblyopia
· Commonly known as lazy eye, amblyopia is poor vision during early
childhood.
· Lazy eye (amblyopia) is reduced vision in one eye
caused by abnormal visual development early in life.
· The weaker - or lazy - eye often wanders inward or
outward. Amblyopia generally develops from birth up to age 7 years.
· It is the leading cause of decreased vision among
children. Rarely, lazy eye affects both eyes.
13. Low Vision
· Low vision is vision loss that can't be corrected
with glasses, contacts or surgery. It isn't blindness as limited sight remains.
· Low vision can include blind spots, poor night vision
and blurry sight.
· The most common causes are age-related macular
degeneration, glaucoma and diabetes.
14. Ocular Hypertension
· The term ocular hypertension usually refers to any
situation in which the pressure inside the eye, called intraocular pressure, is
higher than normal.
· Eye pressure is
measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Normal eye pressure ranges from
10-21 mm Hg.
· Ocular
hypertension is an eye pressure of greater than 21 mm Hg.
15. Retinal Detachment
· Retinal detachment describes an
emergency situation in which a thin layer of tissue (the retina) at the back of
the eye pulls away from its normal position.
· Retinal detachment separates the
retinal cells from the layer of blood vessels that provides oxygen and
nourishment.
· The longer retinal detachment goes
untreated, the greater your risk of permanent vision loss in the affected eye.
16. Eyelid Twitching
· A common cause of eyelid twitching is ocular
myokymia. This is benign and does not lead to other problems.
· Ocular myokymia can be caused by being tired, having
too much caffeine, or stress.
· One cause of persistent, frequent eye twitching is a
condition called benign essential blepharospasm.
17. Uveitis
· Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation inside the eye. It affects the middle
layer of tissue in the eye wall (uvea).
· Uveitis (u-vee-I-tis) warning signs often come on
suddenly and get worse quickly. They include eye redness, pain and blurred